What distinguishes equity financing from debt financing in real estate?

Equity financing is characterized by the sale of shares that represent an ownership interest in a property or project. When investors contribute capital as equity, they become partial owners and share in the profits, losses, and control of the investment based on their ownership percentage. On the other hand, debt financing refers to borrowing money, typically secured by the property itself. In this arrangement, the borrower must repay the loan with interest over time, regardless of the project's performance. Thus, equity holders bear more risk since they only receive returns if the property generates sufficient income or appreciates in value.

This distinction creates a clear delineation between the two methods: equity financing connects directly to ownership stakes in the property, while debt financing represents a creditor relationship where the lender’s returns are predetermined based on the loan agreement, regardless of ownership. The other options create confusion by misrepresenting the fundamental characteristics of equity and debt financing.