What are some return metrics used for valuing real estate?

The return metrics used for valuing real estate are crucial for assessing the potential profitability of an investment. The correct answer encompasses IRR (Internal Rate of Return), net present value (NPV), cash on cash return, and yield on costs.

IRR is a performance measure that calculates the rate of growth an investment is expected to generate annually. NPV assesses the value of an investment by taking the present value of expected future cash flows and subtracting the initial investment, thus helping investors understand the profitability of a venture. Cash on cash return provides a straightforward way to quantify the return on the actual cash invested, often focusing on annual cash flows relative to the equity put into the property. Yield on costs examines the expected returns on the development costs associated with a real estate project, aiding in investment decision-making.

These metrics together provide a comprehensive view of the financial performance and viability of real estate investments, making them essential tools for investors and analysts in real estate valuation. The other choices, while they may contain relevant elements for real estate considerations, do not specifically pertain to return metrics crucial for valuation analysis.